Changes in Physicochemical Characteristics, Peel Color, and Juice Attributes of ‘Moro’ Blood Orange Fruit Treated with Glycine Betaine and Methyl Salicylate during Cold Quarantine Storage

Abstract

Cold quarantine storage is the practice of subjecting citrus fruit to low temperatures after harvesting to comply with stringent international phytosanitary standards for export, but fruit quality can be affected during storage. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of glycine betaine (GB) and/or methyl salicylate (MeSA) on physicochemical changes, chemical attributes of juice, and peel color of ‘Moro’ blood orange at cold quarantine storage (2 °C) for 60 days. Fruit were treated with GB (15 and 30 mM) by vacuum infiltration at 30 kPa for 8 min and vapor treatment of MeSA (100 µM) for 18 h as well as the combination of both GB concentrations with MeSA. The key findings of this research revealed that the combined treatment of 30 mM GB and 100 µM MeSA significantly mitigated weight and firmness losses in ‘Moro’ blood orange fruit during the cold quarantine period. Furthermore, there was a decrease in titratable acidity (TA) across all treatments, with the highest TA recorded for the 30 mM GB + 100 µM MeSA combination. Conversely, total soluble solids (TSS), TSS/TA ratio, and juice pH increased in all treatments, with the control treatment displaying the highest values. Regarding peel color parameters, which encompass L* (lightness), b*, hue angle (h°), chroma (C*), and a*, as well as the citrus color index (CCI), these exhibited characteristic changes during cold quarantine storage. However, the application of GB and MeSA, especially at the 30 mM GB + 100 µM MeSA level, noticeably delayed these peel color variations. Overall, GB and MeSA treatments offer significant advantages in preserving the physicochemical characteristics and chemical attributes of ‘Moro’ blood oranges during cold quarantine storage. These findings underscore the potential of GB and MeSA treatments for maintaining the quality of ‘Moro’ blood oranges during cold quarantine storage, with a noteworthy synergistic effect between MeSA and GB in preserving fruit quality.