Review of bioactive secondary metabolites from marine bryozoans in the progress of new drugs discovery

Abstract

Marine bryozoans play an important role for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds among marine organisms. In this review, we summarize 164 new secondary metabolites including macrocyclic lactones, sterols, alkaloids, sphingolipids and so forth from 24 marine bryozoans in the last two decades. The structural features, bioactivity, structure–activity relationship, mechanism and strategies to address the resupply of these scarce secondary metabolites are discussed. The structural and bioactive diversity of the secondary metabolites from marine bryozoans indicated the possibility of using these compounds, especially bryostatin 1 (1), bryostatin analog (BA1), alkaloids (50, 53, 127–128 and 134–139), sphingolipids sulfates (148 and 149) and sulfur-containing aromatic compound (160), as the starting points for new drug discovery.