Effective Strategy of Drug Discovery from Marine Ecosystem

Abstract

The bulk of today's medicines have been derived from natural sources in the past. In the last 50 years, more than 20,000 inspirational natural resources have been found in the aquatic world. The field of marine natural product chemistry is a relatively new field, with roots in the 1960s and an emphasis on drug development in the 1980s. Marine species constitute a significant portion of the oceanic community, and they play an essential role in the production of medicinal molecules and cosmeceutical with naturally effective moieties. They're full of potential antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, anti- carcinoma, anti- viral, and protease inhibitory compounds that could be used in new therapeutics. Numerous compounds which care possibly about the photoprotective mechanisms of strong pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical value have previously been isolated from diverse marine sources like cyanobacteria strains, lichens, fungi, algae, animals, plants and phytoplankton. Due to public concern about ecosystem health and the consequent increase in aquaculture's supply of seafood in industrialized nations, several marine-based medications are actively being developed for commercial use. Corallina pilulifera extracts, for example, showed anti-photoaging properties or photoprotective properties derived from marine sources. To combat UV-A-induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells, these extracts were developed to provide high antioxidant activity and protection against DNA damage while also inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a key player in skin photoaging caused by UV-A exposure. Natural bioactive products are up against vast chemical libraries and combinatorial chemistries in a fight for market share. As a result, each stage of a natural product program, from environmental sampling and strain selection to metabolic expression, genetic exploitation, sample processing, and chemical dereplication, must be more effective than ever. Hence, in the presented review, attempts have been made to illustrate more on the effective strategy of drug discovery from the marine ecosystem.