Author:
Bray Matthew T.,Cavallo Steven M.
Abstract
Abstract. Tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) are closed circulations centered on the tropopause that form and predominately reside in high latitudes. Due to
their attendant flow, TPVs have been shown to influence surface weather features, and thus, a greater understanding of the dynamics of these
features may improve our ability to forecast impactful weather events. In this study, we focus on the subset of TPVs that have lifetimes of longer
than 2 weeks (the 95th percentile of all TPV cases between 1979 and 2018); these long-lived vortices offer a unique opportunity to study
the conditions under which TPVs strengthen and analyze patterns of vortex formation and movement. Using ERA-Interim data, along with TPV tracks
derived from the same reanalysis, we investigate the formation, motion, and development of these long-lived vortices. We find that these TPVs are
significantly stronger, occur more often in the summer, and tend to remain more poleward than an average TPV. Similarly, these TPVs are shown to
form at higher latitudes than average. Long-lived TPVs form predominately by splitting from existing vortices, but a notable minority seem to
generate via dynamic processes in the absence of pre-existing TPVs. These non-likely split genesis events are found to occur in select geographic
regions, driven by Rossby wave growth and breaking. Seasonal variations emerge in the life cycles of long-lived vortices; notably, winter TPVs
progress more equatorward and generally grow to stronger amplitudes. These long-lived TPVs also appear as likely as any TPV to exit the Arctic and
move into the mid-latitudes, doing so via two primary pathways: through Canada or Siberia.
Funder
Office of Naval Research
National Science Foundation
Cited by
7 articles.
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