Stress Resistance and Pathogenicity of Nonthermal-Plasma-Induced Viable-but-Nonculturable Staphylococcus aureus through Energy Suppression, Oxidative Stress Defense, and Immune-Escape Mechanisms

Author:

Liao Xinyu1,Hu Weicheng2,Liu Donghong1,Ding Tian1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China

Abstract

The consumer demand for freshness and nutrition has accelerated the development of mild decontamination technologies. The incomplete killing of nonthermal (NT) treatments might induce pathogens to enter into a viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) status as a survival strategy. The use of nonthermal plasma (NTP) as a novel food decontamination technology received increased attention in food industry during recent decades. Our previous work confirmed that the foodborne pathogen S. aureus was induced into VBNC status in response to NTP exposure. This work further revealed the development of stress resistance and virulence retention of NTP-induced VBNC S. aureus through the mechanisms of energy suppression, oxidative stress defense, and immune escape. The data provide fundamental knowledge of the potential risks posed by NTP-induced VBNC S. aureus , which require further parameter optimization of the NTP process or combination with other techniques to avoid the occurrence of VBNC bacteria.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology

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