THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING NEW MORPHOBIOTYPES OF BUCKWHEAT IN BREEDING FOR ARID CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

Abstract

The research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of using fasciated buckwheat morphobiotypes in the breeding process when creating varieties for the conditions of the Middle Volga region. The single-factor experiment was laid in 2018-2023 on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan. The soil of the experimental plot contained 3.2...4.4% humus (according to Tyurin), 110...123 mg/kg of potassium and 145...377 mg/kg of phosphorus (according to Kirsanov), pH - 5.3...6.6. The objects of the study were Batyr variety, which in plant habit corresponds to “Krasnostreletskiy” variety, Yashlek variety and the hybrid population of K-990, with a predominance of forms with fasciations of the stem and generative zone in the population. The inclusion of fasciated genotypes with reduced branching in hybrid populations forms a compact plant habit, compared to the “Krasnostreletskiy” variety, due to a decrease in plant height by 5.6...9.1%, a 1.3...1.6 times reduction in the number of laterals first order branches. At the same time, due to an increase in the number of inflorescences on the main stem by 25...30%, the productivity of the plant increases by 1.2 times. The grain yield of the hybrid population K-990 was the highest in both unfavorable and favorable years (1.68 t/ha and 2.17 t/ha, respectively). As for Batyr variety, it directly depended on the amount of precipitation that fell during the interphase period “the beginning of fruit formation - the beginning of fruit browning” (r = 0.77) and had a strong inverse relationship with the average daily temperature during the period of grain ripening (r = -0.77). The productivity and grain size of Yashlek variety depended on average daily temperatures, while in the hybrid population K-990 there was a direct strong relationship between the yield and the amount of precipitation that fell in the initial growing season (r = 0.93).