Bioactive Phytochemicals and Quenching Activity of Radicals in Selected Drought-Resistant Amaranthus tricolor Vegetable Amaranth

Abstract

Leafy vegetables are susceptible to drought stress. Amaranthus tricolor vegetables are resistant to abiotic stress, including drought, and are a source of ample natural phytochemicals of interest to the food industry due to their benefits to consumers’ health. Hence, the selected drought-resistant amaranth genotypes were evaluated for phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in an RCBD study with three replicates. The selected drought-resistant amaranth accessions contained ample carbohydrates, protein, moisture, and dietary fiber. We noticed many macroelements and microelements including iron, copper, manganese, zinc, sodium, molybdenum, boron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and sulfur; adequate phytopigments, including betacyanins, betalains, betaxanthins, carotenoids, and chlorophylls; plentiful bioactive phytochemicals, including ascorbic acid, flavonoids, polyphenols, and beta-carotene; and antioxidant potential in the selected drought-resistant amaranth accessions. The drought-resistant amaranth accessions VA14 and VA16 were proven to have high ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, and polyphenol levels. The drought-resistant accessions VA12 and VA14 had high flavonoid levels. The drought-resistant accessions VA3, VA14, and VA16 had high AC both in regard to both DPPH and ABTS+. These drought-resistant accessions, VA3, VA14, and VA16, can be utilized as high-yielding varieties with antioxidant profiles for purposes of drinks. The correlation study revealed that bioactive phytopigments and phytochemicals of amaranth accessions had good free radical quenching capacity against 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazo-6-sulfonic acid) and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, equivalent to Trolox. It was revealed in the present study that these drought-resistant accessions contain plentiful proximate, nutraceuticals, phytopigments, bioactive phytochemicals, and antioxidant potentiality. Their drought resistance and quenching of ROS offer huge prospects for the promotion of health benefits and the feeding of communities in drought-prone semiarid and arid areas of the globe, especially those deficient in nutraceuticals, phytopigments, and antioxidants.