Measuring the Phytochemical Richness of Meat: Effects of Grass/Grain Finishing Systems and Grapeseed Extract Supplementation on the Fatty Acid and Phytochemical Content of Beef
Author:
Krusinski Lucas1ORCID, Maciel Isabella C. F.2, van Vliet Stephan3, Ahsin Muhammad3ORCID, Lu Guanqi4, Rowntree Jason E.2, Fenton Jenifer I.1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 2. Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 3. Center for Human Nutrition Studies, Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA 4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Abstract
Grass-finished beef (GFB) can provide beneficial bioactive compounds to healthy diets, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and secondary bioactive compounds, such as phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to compare fatty acids (FAs), micronutrients, and phytochemicals of beef fed a biodiverse pasture (GRASS), a total mixed ration (GRAIN), or a total mixed ration with 5% grapeseed extract (GRAPE). This was a two-year study involving fifty-four Red Angus steers (n = 54). GFB contained higher levels of n-3 PUFAs, vitamin E, iron, zinc, stachydrine, hippuric acid, citric acid, and succinic acid than beef from GRAIN and GRAPE (p < 0.001 for all). No differences were observed in quantified phytochemicals between beef from GRAIN and GRAPE (p > 0.05). Random forest analysis indicated that phytochemical and FA composition of meat can predict cattle diets with a degree of certainty, especially for GFB (5.6% class error). In conclusion, these results indicate that GFB contains higher levels of potentially beneficial bioactive compounds, such as n-3 PUFAs, micronutrients, and phytochemicals, compared to grain-finished beef. Additionally, the n-6:n-3 ratio was the most crucial factor capable of separating beef based on finishing diets.
Funder
Michigan Alliance for Animal Agriculture NCR-SARE Greenacres Foundation Inc.
Subject
Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science
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