Biodegradable, three-dimensional colorimetric fliers for environmental monitoring

Author:

Yoon Hong-Joon1ORCID,Lee Geumbee2ORCID,Kim Jin-Tae2ORCID,Yoo Jae-Young2ORCID,Luan Haiwen2ORCID,Cheng Shyuan3ORCID,Kang Soohyeon3ORCID,Huynh Huong Le Thien4,Kim Hyeonsu5ORCID,Park Jaehong5ORCID,Kim Joohee6ORCID,Kwak Sung Soo6ORCID,Ryu Hanjun7ORCID,Kim Jihye2,Choi Yeon Sik28ORCID,Ahn Hak-Young2ORCID,Choi Junhwan9ORCID,Oh Seyong2,Jung Yei Hwan10ORCID,Park Minsu2ORCID,Bai Wubin11ORCID,Huang Yonggang21213ORCID,Chamorro Leonardo P.3ORCID,Park Yoonseok14ORCID,Rogers John A.24151316ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.

2. Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

3. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

5. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

6. Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.

7. Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.

8. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.

9. Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea.

10. Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

11. Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.

12. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

13. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

14. Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.

15. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

16. Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

Abstract

Recently reported winged microelectronic systems offer passive flight mechanisms as a dispersal strategy for purposes in environmental monitoring, population surveillance, pathogen tracking, and other applications. Initial studies indicate potential for technologies of this type, but advances in structural and responsive materials and in aerodynamically optimized geometries are necessary to improve the functionality and expand the modes of operation. Here, we introduce environmentally degradable materials as the basis of 3D fliers that allow remote, colorimetric assessments of multiple environmental parameters—pH, heavy metal concentrations, and ultraviolet exposure, along with humidity levels and temperature. Experimental and theoretical investigations of the aerodynamics of these systems reveal design considerations that include not only the geometries of the structures but also their mass distributions across a range of bioinspired designs. Preliminary field studies that rely on drones for deployment and for remote colorimetric analysis by machine learning interpretation of digital images illustrate scenarios for practical use.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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