1. School of Hospitality Management, Macao Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao, China
2. College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
3. Department:College of Hospitality Management and Culinary Art, Shanghai Institute of Tourism, Shanghai, China
4. Department: Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China