1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146 e-mail:
2. Department of Civil Engineering and Soft Matter Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
5. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
6. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801