Analysis of NOx Formation in a Hydrogen-Fueled Gas Turbine Engine

Author:

Therkelsen Peter1,Werts Tavis1,McDonell Vincent1,Samuelsen Scott1

Affiliation:

1. UCI Combustion Laboratory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3550

Abstract

A commercially available natural gas fueled gas turbine engine was operated on hydrogen. Three sets of fuel injectors were developed to facilitate stable operation while generating differing levels of fuel∕air premixing. One set was designed to produce near uniform mixing while the others have differing degrees of nonuniformity. The emission performance of the engine over its full range of loads is characterized for each of the injector sets. In addition, the performance is also assessed for the set with near uniform mixing as operated on natural gas. The results show that improved mixing and lower equivalence ratio decrease NO emission levels as expected. However, even with nearly perfect premixing, it is found that the engine, when operated on hydrogen, produces a higher amount of NO than when operated with natural gas. Much of this attributed to the higher equivalence ratios that the engine operates on when firing hydrogen. However, even the lowest equivalence ratios run at low power conditions, higher NO was observed. Analysis of the potential NO formation effects of residence time, kinetic pathways of NO production via NNH, and the kinetics of the dilute combustion strategy used are evaluated. While no one mechanism appears to explain the reasons for the higher NO, it is concluded that each may be contributing to the higher NO emissions observed with hydrogen. In the present configuration with the commercial control system operating normally, it is evident that system level effects are also contributing to the observed NO emission differences between hydrogen and natural gas.

Publisher

ASME International

Subject

Mechanical Engineering,Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Aerospace Engineering,Fuel Technology,Nuclear Energy and Engineering

Reference31 articles.

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3. Hydrogen Combustion Test in a Small Gas Turbine;Nomura;Int. J. Hydrogen Energy

4. Combustion Performance of Hydrogen in a Small Gas Turbine Combustor;Sampath;Int. J. Hydrogen Energy

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