A systematic review of the experiences of autistic young people enrolled in mainstream second-level (post-primary) schools

Abstract

Internationally, there is a growing trend towards the inclusion of autistic pupils within mainstream schools. However, concerns have been expressed regarding this policy roll-out preceding empirical evidence demonstrating effective outcomes for autistic students. Concerns have also been expressed regarding the absence of the voices of autistic pupils themselves within research and policy literature. This review seeks to synthesise evidence from qualitative studies relating to the experiences and perspectives of autistic young people enrolled in mainstream second-level or post-primary education. Searches were carried out on three bibliographic databases: Education Research Complete, Education Resources Information Centre and PsychInfo. One thousand sixty-three studies were identified through a combination of database and hand searches of which 33 met the inclusion criteria for the review. Data were synthesised using ‘thematic synthesis’ and the validity of included studies was assessed using the ‘Critical Appraisal Skills Programme’ (CASP) checklist. Thematic synthesis resulted in the development of three analytical themes: ‘Demands of mainstream placements’, ‘Social participation’ and ‘Impacts on the student’. Our analysis revealed that for many autistic young people, mainstream school is a complex and demanding social environment. Further research conducted in partnership with this cohort is essential as inclusive policy and practice continues to develop. Lay abstract Internationally, more autistic pupils are being educated in mainstream schools. Some people have voiced concerns that this policy roll-out is happening before examining the effective outcomes for autistic students. Concerns have also been expressed regarding a lack of the voices of autistic pupils themselves within research and policy. This study was undertaken in order to gather literature that explores the views and experiences of autistic young people in relation to their mainstream school placement at the secondary level. This study aims to summarise the existing literature and provide a new, more complete account of the school experiences of this cohort. After an extensive search, 33 studies were identified by the authors as meeting a set of inclusion criteria. All of the studies included in this review elicited the views and perspectives of at least one autistic young person regarding their mainstream secondary school placement. Upon carefully analysing these studies, the authors developed three key themes as follows: ‘Demands of mainstream placements’, ‘Social participation’ and ‘Impacts on the student’. Our analysis revealed that for many autistic young people, mainstream school is a complex and demanding social environment. Further research that prioritises the voices and perspectives of this cohort is essential as inclusive policy and practice continues to develop.