Multilevel Posterior Lumbar Interlaminar Fusion in Rabbits Using Bovine Bone Protein Extract Delivered by a RP-synthesized 3D Biopolymer Construct

Abstract

Rapid prototyping (RP)-based highly porous poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)/tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP(RP)) scaffolds were fabricated. PLGA/TCP constructs (PLGA/TCP(TS)) were also made via thermally induced phase separation with solvent casting and by particulate leaching approach. Both scaffolds were loaded with bovine bone protein extract (BBPE). Sixty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into four groups (groups of A, B, C, and D) and unilaterally underwent posterior lumbar interlaminar fusion at L2—L4 level. Spinal fusions were systematically evaluated. In groups of A (PLGA/TCP (RP)/BBPE constructs) and C (autogenous iliac bone grafts), good bone fusions occurred in vivo. Histological analyses indicated that endochondral ossification played an essential role in initiation of bone fusions in group A, whereas in group B (PLGA/TCP(TS)/BBPE constructs), few bone fusions were observed. In group D (PLGA/TCP(RP) scaffolds alone), the scaffolds were biocompatible and biodegradable; however, no newly formed bone mass or bone fusion was found. Twelve weeks after surgery, the fusion was significantly higher in groups of A and C compared with groups B and D (p<0.01). The PLGA/ TCP(RP)/BBPE biomaterials have potential as grafting substitutes for bone healing and spinal fusion.