How does ankle push-off balance the walking speed and energy efficiency of planar biped robots?

Abstract

Ankle push-off is defined as the phase in which muscle-tendon units about the ankle joint generate a burst of positive power during the step-to-step transition in human walking. The dynamic walking of a biped robot can be effectively realized through ankle push-off. However, how to use ankle push-off to balance the walking speed and energy efficiency of biped robots has not been studied deeply. In this study, the effects of the step length (the inter-leg angle is 40°, 50°, and 60°), torque and timing of ankle push-off on the walking speed and energy efficiency of biped robots were studied. The results show that when the step length is 50°, the push-off torque is 30 N· m and the corresponding push-off timing occurs at 43% of the gait cycle, the simulated robot obtains a highly economical walking gait. The corresponding maximum normalized walking speed is 0.40, and the minimum mechanical cost of transport is 2.25. To acquire a more economical walking gait of biped robots, the amount of ankle push-off and the push-off timing need to be coordinated. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the influence of ankle push-off on the motion performance of biped robots.