Survival of Lymphoma-Bearing Mice by Pachycereus marginatus Cactus Extracts and Elucidation of Bioactive Compounds

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and commonly becomes resistant to chemotherapy, therefore, it is important to search for and evaluate novel sources of nontoxic antitumor agents. The cactus Pachycereus marginatus is native to Mexico and is traditionally recommended to treat gastrointestinal infections. Tumor-bearing mice survival, liver function, and histopathology by P. marginatus extracts and the in vitro effects of isolated compounds lophenol, β-sitosterol, and palmitic acid were investigated, using the L5178Y-R lymphoma murine model. In vivo oral administration of the aqueous partition at 0.5 mg/kg caused 60% survival at 60 days, without altering liver parenchyma and enzymes, as compared with 40% survival induced by vincristine (0.05 mg/kg), and no survival of tumor-bearing mice without treatment. Furthermore, P. marginatus n-hexane extract, lophenol, β-sitosterol, and palmitic acid compounds caused up to 89%, 73%, and 83% in vitro cytotoxicity to L5178Y-R cells, respectively. These results may support the evaluation of P. marginatus extracts and bioactive compounds in clinical studies.