Variation in natural exposure to anopheles mosquitoes and its effects on malaria transmission

Author:

Guelbéogo Wamdaogo M1,Gonçalves Bronner Pamplona2,Grignard Lynn2,Bradley John3ORCID,Serme Samuel S1,Hellewell Joel4,Lanke Kjerstin5,Zongo Soumanaba1,Sepúlveda Nuno26,Soulama Issiaka1,Wangrawa Dimitri W1,Yakob Laith7ORCID,Sagnon N'Falé1,Bousema Teun25ORCID,Drakeley Chris2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2. Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

3. MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

4. MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis & Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

5. Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

6. Centre of Statistics and Applications, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

7. Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Abstract

Variation in biting frequency by Anopheles mosquitoes can explain some of the heterogeneity in malaria transmission in endemic areas. In this study in Burkina Faso, we assessed natural exposure to mosquitoes by matching the genotype of blood meals from 1066 mosquitoes with blood from residents of local households. We observed that the distribution of mosquito bites exceeded the Pareto rule (20/80) in two of the three surveys performed (20/85, 76, and 96) and, at its most pronounced, is estimated to have profound epidemiological consequences, inflating the basic reproduction number of malaria by 8-fold. The distribution of bites from sporozoite-positive mosquitoes followed a similar pattern, with a small number of individuals within households receiving multiple potentially infectious bites over the period of a few days. Together, our findings indicate that heterogeneity in mosquito exposure contributes considerably to heterogeneity in infection risk and suggest significant variation in malaria transmission potential.

Funder

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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