1. Penn Center of Learning Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
2. School of Modeling, Simulation, and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
3. College of Community Innovation and Education, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
4. Multimodal AI Team, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA
5. Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA