Chronic fatigue, depression and anxiety symptoms in Long COVID are strongly predicted by neuroimmune and neuro-oxidative pathways which are caused by the inflammation during acute infection

Author:

Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem,Al-Rubaye Haneen Tahseen,Almulla Abbas F.ORCID,Al-Hadrawi Dhurgham Shihab,Maes MichaelORCID

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundLong-term coronavirus disease 2019 (Long COVID) is associated with physio-somatic (chronic fatigue syndrome and somatic symptoms) and affective (depression and anxiety) symptoms. The severity of the Long COVID physio-affective phenome is largely predicted by peak body temperature (BT) and lowered oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the acute infectious phase. This study aims to delineate whether the association of BT and SpO2 during the acute phase and the Long COVID physio-affective phenome is mediated by neurotoxicity (NT) resulting from activated immune-inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.MethodsWe recruited 86 patients with Long COVID (3-4 months after the acute phase) and 39 healthy controls and assessed serum C-reactive protein (CRP), caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-10, myeloperoxidase (MPO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and calcium (Ca), as well as peak BT and SpO2 during the acute phase.ResultsCluster analysis revealed that a significant part (34.9%) of Long COVID patients (n=30) show a highly elevated NT index computed based on IL-1β, IL-18, Caspase-1, CRP, MPO and AOPP. Partial Least Squares analysis showed that 61.6% of the variance in the physio-affective phenome of Long COVID is explained by the NT index, lowered Ca, peak BT/SpO2 in the acute phase, and prior vaccinations with Astra-Zeneca or Pfizer. The most important predictors of the physio-affective phenome are Ca, CRP, IL-1β, AOPP and MPO.ConclusionThe infectious-immune-inflammatory core of acute COVID-19 strongly predicts the development of physio-affective symptoms 3-4 months later, and these effects are partly mediated by neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3