At least 3 days of adaptation are required before indigestible markers (chromium, titanium, and acid insoluble ash) are stabilized in the ileal digesta of 60-kg pigs, but values for amino acid digestibility are affected by the marker

Abstract

Abstract An experiment was conducted to 1) test the hypothesis that a minimum adaptation period to diets used in ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility experiments with pigs is needed and 2) to test the null-hypothesis that ileal digestibility and basal endogenous losses of AA are not affected by the indigestible marker used. Eight ileal-cannulated barrows with an initial BW of 58.1 ± 4.3 kg were randomly allotted to a 2-period crossover design with 2 diets and 4 pigs per diet in each period. A soybean meal-based diet and an N-free diet were prepared. Both diets contained 0.4% chromium oxide, 0.4% titanium dioxide, and 0.4% Celite (a source of acid insoluble ash; AIA). Pigs were provided feed in a daily amount of 3 times the maintenance requirement for metabolizable energy, and 2 equal meals were provided each day. Ileal digesta samples were collected from 0800 to 2000 h on each day during the two 9-d collection periods. There was no period by diet interactions observed. Marker concentrations in ileal digesta were analyzed separately for each day, and the point where the concentration of each marker was stabilized in the digesta was determined using a linear broken-line analysis. For pigs fed the soybean meal diet, the breakpoints for Cr, Ti, and AIA in ileal digesta were 2.70, 2.45, and 3.77 d, respectively. In pigs fed the N-free diet, the breakpoints for Cr, Ti, and AIA in ileal digesta were 2.52, 2.39, and 2.29 d, respectively. Based on the pooled data, the basal endogenous losses of most AA calculated using Cr as an indigestible marker were less (P < 0.05) than the values calculated using Ti, but greater (P < 0.05) compared with values calculated based on AIA. The standardized ileal digestibility of most AA in soybean meal calculated using Cr or Ti as a digestibility marker were greater (P < 0.05) than the digestibility values calculated using AIA. In conclusion, 3 d of adaptation is required before markers are stabilized in the ileal outflow if Cr or Ti is used as an indigestible marker and 4 d of adaptation is required if AIA is the marker. Values for AA digestibility calculated using Cr or Ti as the marker are not different, but greater compared with values calculated using AIA as the marker.