Light to moderate coffee consumption is associated with lower risk of death: a UK Biobank study

Author:

Simon Judit12ORCID,Fung Kenneth34ORCID,Raisi-Estabragh Zahra34,Aung Nay34ORCID,Khanji Mohammed Y345ORCID,Kolossváry Márton1ORCID,Merkely Béla1,Munroe Patricia B3,Harvey Nicholas C6,Piechnik Stefan K7ORCID,Neubauer Stefan7ORCID,Petersen Steffen E3489,Maurovich-Horvat Pál12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

2. Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

3. William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

4. Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, UK

5. Newham University Hospital, Glen Road, Plaistow, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK

6. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

7. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

8. Health Data Research UK, London, UK

9. Alan Turing Institute, London, UK

Abstract

Abstract Aims To study the association of daily coffee consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and major CV outcomes. In a subgroup of participants who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, we evaluated the association between regular coffee intake and cardiac structure and function. Methods and results UK Biobank participants without clinically manifested heart disease at the time of recruitment were included. Regular coffee intake was categorized into three groups: zero, light-to-moderate (0.5–3 cups/day), and high (>3 cups/day). In the multivariate analysis, we adjusted for the main CV risk factors. We included 468 629 individuals (56.2 ± 8.1 years, 44.2% male), of whom 22.1% did not consume coffee regularly, 58.4% had 0.5–3 cups per day, and 19.5% had >3 cups per day. Compared to non-coffee drinkers, light-to-moderate (0.5–3 cups per day) coffee drinking was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality [multivariate hazard ratio (HR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–0.92; P < 0.001] and CV mortality (multivariate HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.94; P = 0.006), and incident stroke (multivariate HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63–0.99 P = 0.037) after a median follow-up of 11 years. CMR data were available in 30 650 participants. Both light-to-moderate and high coffee consuming categories were associated with dose-dependent increased left and right ventricular end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes, and greater left ventricular mass. Conclusion Coffee consumption of up to three cups per day was associated with favourable CV outcomes. Regular coffee consumption was also associated with a likely healthy pattern of CMR metrics in keeping with the reverse of age-related cardiac alterations.

Funder

National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Barts Biomedical Research Centre

SmartHeart’ EPSRC programme

CAP-AI programme, London’s first AI enabling programme focused on stimulating growth in the capital’s AI Sector

Capital Enterprise in partnership with Barts Health NHS Trust and Digital Catapult and is funded by the European Regional Development Fund and Barts Charity

British Heart Foundation for funding the manual analysis to create a cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging reference standard for the UK Biobank imaging resource in 5000

Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre

Oxford British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence

National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Integrated Academic Training programme which supports their Academic Clinical Lectureship posts

UK Medical Research Council (MRC

NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton

University Hospital Southampton

British Heart Foundation Clinical Research Training Fellowship

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Epidemiology

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