The dark energy survey 5-yr photometrically identified type Ia supernovae

Author:

Möller A12ORCID,Smith M3,Sako M4,Sullivan M5ORCID,Vincenzi M6ORCID,Wiseman P5ORCID,Armstrong P7,Asorey J8ORCID,Brout D9ORCID,Carollo D10,Davis T M11ORCID,Frohmaier C512ORCID,Galbany L1314ORCID,Glazebrook K1,Kelsey L512ORCID,Kessler R1516,Lewis G F17ORCID,Lidman C718ORCID,Malik U7,Nichol R C19,Scolnic D6ORCID,Tucker B E7,Abbott T M C20,Aguena M21ORCID,Allam S22,Annis J22,Bertin E2324ORCID,Bocquet S25,Brooks D26,Burke D L2728,Carnero Rosell A212930ORCID,Carrasco Kind M3132ORCID,Carretero J33ORCID,Castander F J1434,Conselice C3536,Costanzi M373839,Crocce M1434ORCID,da Costa L N2140,De Vicente J8ORCID,Desai S41,Diehl H T22,Doel P26,Everett S42,Ferrero I43ORCID,Finley D A22,Flaugher B22,Friedel D31,Frieman J1622,García-Bellido J44ORCID,Gerdes D W4546,Gruen D2547,Gruendl R A3132,Gschwend J2140,Gutierrez G22,Herner K22,Hinton S R11ORCID,Hollowood D L42ORCID,Honscheid K4849,James D J9,Kuehn K5051,Kuropatkin N22,Lahav O26,March M4ORCID,Marshall J L52,Menanteau F3132,Miquel R3353,Morgan R54,Palmese A55ORCID,Paz-Chinchón F3156,Pieres A2140ORCID,Plazas Malagón A A57ORCID,Romer A K58,Roodman A2728,Sanchez E8,Scarpine V22,Schubnell M46,Serrano S1434,Sevilla-Noarbe I8,Suchyta E59ORCID,Tarle G46,Thomas D12ORCID,To C48ORCID,Varga T N6061

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Victoria 3122, Australia

2. LPC, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Clermont Auvergne , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France

3. CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , IP2I Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France

4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

5. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK

6. Department of Physics, Duke University Durham , NC 27708, USA

7. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , ACT 2601, Australia

8. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , 28040 Madrid, Spain

9. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

10. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste via Tiepolo 11 , I-34143 Trieste, Italy

11. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

12. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

13. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

14. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

15. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

16. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

17. Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney , A28, NSW 2006, Australia

18. Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics, College of Science, The Australian National University , ACT 2601, Australia

19. Department of Physics, University of Surrey , Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK

20. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

21. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil

22. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

23. CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris , F-75014 Paris, France

24. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France

25. Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

26. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

27. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University , P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

28. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

29. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

30. Dpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

31. Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

32. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

33. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

34. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB , Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08E-193 Barcelona, Spain

35. Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

36. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

37. Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy

38. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

39. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

40. Observatório Nacional , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil

41. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad , Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

42. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

43. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo . P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway

44. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain

45. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

46. Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

47. Excellence Cluster Origins , Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

48. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

49. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

50. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University , North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

51. Lowell Observatory , 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

52. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843, USA

53. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

54. Physics Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison , 2320 Chamberlin Hall, 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA

55. Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

56. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

57. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

58. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex , Brighton BN1 9QH, UK

59. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

60. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany

61. Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Universitäts-Sternwarte , Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 München, Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT As part of the cosmology analysis using Type Ia Supernovae (SN Ia) in the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we present photometrically identified SN Ia samples using multiband light curves and host galaxy redshifts. For this analysis, we use the photometric classification framework SuperNNovatrained on realistic DES-like simulations. For reliable classification, we process the DES SN programme (DES-SN) data and introduce improvements to the classifier architecture, obtaining classification accuracies of more than 98 per cent on simulations. This is the first SN classification to make use of ensemble methods, resulting in more robust samples. Using photometry, host galaxy redshifts, and a classification probability requirement, we identify 1863 SNe Ia from which we select 1484 cosmology-grade SNe Ia spanning the redshift range of 0.07 < z < 1.14. We find good agreement between the light-curve properties of the photometrically selected sample and simulations. Additionally, we create similar SN Ia samples using two types of Bayesian Neural Network classifiers that provide uncertainties on the classification probabilities. We test the feasibility of using these uncertainties as indicators for out-of-distribution candidates and model confidence. Finally, we discuss the implications of photometric samples and classification methods for future surveys such as Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.

Funder

Australian Research Council

U.S. Department of Energy

National Science Foundation

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Higher Education Funding Council for England

National Center for Supercomputing Applications

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

University of Chicago

Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University

Texas A&M University

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Argonne National Laboratory

University of California, Santa Cruz

University of Cambridge

Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas

University College London

University of Edinburgh

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich

CSIC

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

University of Michigan

University of Nottingham

Ohio State University

University of Pennsylvania

University of Portsmouth

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Stanford University

University of Sussex

MICINN

ERDF

European Union

Generalitat de Catalunya

European Research Council

CNPq

Agencia Estatal de Investigación

AEI

European Social Fund

ESF

UK Research and Innovation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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