The Dark Energy Survey 5-yr photometrically classified type Ia supernovae without host-galaxy redshifts

Author:

Möller A12ORCID,Wiseman P3ORCID,Smith M4,Lidman C56ORCID,Davis T M7ORCID,Kessler R89,Sako M10,Sullivan M3ORCID,Galbany L1112,Lee J10ORCID,Nichol R C13,Sánchez B O14,Vincenzi M15ORCID,Tucker B E5,Abbott T M C16,Aguena M17,Allam S18,Alves O19,Andrade-Oliveira F19,Bacon D20,Bertin E2122,Brooks D23,Rosell A Carnero172425,Castander F J1112,Desai S26,Diehl H T18,Everett S27,Ferrero I28,Friedel D29,Frieman J818,García-Bellido J30,Gaztanaga E111220,Giannini G831,Gruendl R A2932,Gutierrez G18,Hinton S R7,Hollowood D L33,Honscheid K3435,James D J36,Kuehn K3738,Lahav O23,Lee S27,Marshall J L39,Mena-Fernández J40,Menanteau F2932,Miquel R3141,Myles J42,Ogando R L C43,Palmese A44,Pieres A1743,Malagón A A Plazas4546,Roodman A4546,Sanchez E47,Cid D Sanchez47,Sevilla-Noarbe I47,Suchyta E48,Swanson M E C29,Tarle G19,Tucker D L18,Walker A R16,Weaverdyck N1949,da Costa L N17,Pereira M E S50

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Victoria 3122 , Australia

2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav) , John St, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 , Australia

3. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ , UK

4. Physics Department, Lancaster University , Lancaster, LA1 4YB , UK

5. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , ACT 2601 , Australia

6. Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics, College of Science, The Australian National University , ACT 2601 , Australia

7. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072 , Australia

8. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 , USA

9. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 , USA

10. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA

11. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans , s/n, E-08193 Barcelona , Spain

12. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona , Spain

13. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey , Guildford , UK

14. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM , Marseille , France

15. Department of Physics, Duke University Durham , NC 27708 , USA

16. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , Casilla 603, La Serena , Chile

17. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400 , Brazil

18. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 , USA

19. Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 , USA

20. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth, PO1 3FX , UK

21. CNRS , UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris , France

22. Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris , France

23. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT , UK

24. Universidad de La Laguna , Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

25. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

26. Department of Physics , IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285 , India

27. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 , USA

28. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics , University of Oslo. P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo , Norway

29. Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801 , USA

30. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid , Spain

31. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain

32. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 , USA

33. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz, CA 95064 , USA

34. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA

35. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA

36. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

37. Lowell Observatory , 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 , USA

38. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University , North Ryde, NSW 2113 , Australia

39. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843 , USA

40. LPSC Grenoble - 53 , Avenue des Martyrs F-38026 Grenoble , France

41. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , E-08010 Barcelona , Spain

42. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA

43. Observatório Nacional , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400 , Brazil

44. Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312 , USA

45. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025 , USA

46. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 , USA

47. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid , Spain

48. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831

49. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA

50. Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg , Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg , Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT Current and future Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) surveys will need to adopt new approaches to classifying SNe and obtaining their redshifts without spectra if they wish to reach their full potential. We present here a novel approach that uses only photometry to identify SNe Ia in the 5-yr Dark Energy Survey (DES) data set using the SuperNNova classifier. Our approach, which does not rely on any information from the SN host-galaxy, recovers SNe Ia that might otherwise be lost due to a lack of an identifiable host. We select $2{,}298$ high-quality SNe Ia from the DES 5-yr data set an almost complete sample of detected SNe Ia. More than 700 of these have no spectroscopic host redshift and are potentially new SNIa compared to the DES-SN5YR cosmology analysis. To analyse these SNe Ia, we derive their redshifts and properties using only their light curves with a modified version of the SALT2 light-curve fitter. Compared to other DES SN Ia samples with spectroscopic redshifts, our new sample has in average higher redshift, bluer and broader light curves, and fainter host-galaxies. Future surveys such as LSST will also face an additional challenge, the scarcity of spectroscopic resources for follow-up. When applying our novel method to DES data, we reduce the need for follow-up by a factor of four and three for host-galaxy and live SN, respectively, compared to earlier approaches. Our novel method thus leads to better optimization of spectroscopic resources for follow-up.

Funder

Department of Energy

National Science Foundation

Science and Technology Facilities Council

National Center for Supercomputing Applications

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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