TOI-530b: a giant planet transiting an M-dwarf detected by TESS

Author:

Gan Tianjun1ORCID,Lin Zitao2,Wang Sharon Xuesong1,Mao Shude13,Fouqué Pascal45ORCID,Fan Jiahao6,Bedell Megan7,Stassun Keivan G89ORCID,Giacalone Steven10,Fukui Akihiko1112ORCID,Murgas Felipe1213,Ciardi David R14,Howell Steve B15,Collins Karen A16,Shporer Avi17,Arnold Luc4,Barclay Thomas1819,Charbonneau David16,Christiansen Jessie14,Crossfield Ian J M20,Dressing Courtney D10,Elliott Ashley21,Esparza-Borges Emma1213ORCID,Evans Phil22,Gnilka Crystal L15,Gonzales Erica J23,Howard Andrew W24,Isogai Keisuke2526,Kawauchi Kiyoe26ORCID,Kurita Seiya27,Liu Beibei28ORCID,Livingston John H29ORCID,Matson Rachel A30ORCID,Narita Norio11123132,Palle Enric1213,Parviainen Hannu1213,Rackham Benjamin V1733ORCID,Rodriguez David R34,Rose Mark15,Rudat Alexander17,Schlieder Joshua E18,Scott Nicholas J15,Vezie Michael17,Ricker George R17,Vanderspek Roland17,Latham David W16,Seager Sara173335,Winn Joshua N36,Jenkins Jon M15

Affiliation:

1. Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

2. Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

3. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, People’s Republic of China

4. Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, CNRS, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA

5. Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, 14 Avenue Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France

6. School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

7. Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010, USA

8. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 6301 Stevenson Center Ln., Nashville, TN 37235, USA

9. Department of Physics, Fisk University, 1000 17th Avenue North, Nashville, TN 37208, USA

10. Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

11. Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

12. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

13. Dept. Astrofśica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

14. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech/IPAC, Mail Code 100-22, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

15. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

16. Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

17. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

18. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

19. University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA

20. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kansas, 1082 Malott,1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA

21. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 3700 Willow Creek Rd, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA

22. El Sauce Observatory, Coquimbo, 1870000, Chile

23. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

24. Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

25. Okayama Observatory, Kyoto University, 3037-5 Honjo, Kamogatacho, Asakuchi, Okayama 719-0232, Japan

26. Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

27. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

28. Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics & Zhejiang University-Purple Mountain Observatory Joint Research Center for Astronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China

29. Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

30. U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, DC 20392, USA

31. Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

32. Astrobiology Center, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

33. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

34. Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

35. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

36. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the discovery of TOI-530b, a transiting Saturn-like planet around an M0.5V dwarf, delivered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The host star is located at a distance of 147.7 ± 0.6 pc with a radius of R* = 0.54 ± 0.03 R⊙ and a mass of M* = 0.53 ± 0.02 M⊙. We verify the planetary nature of the transit signals by combining ground-based multiwavelength photometry, high-resolution spectroscopy from SPIRou as well as high-angular-resolution imaging. With V = 15.4 mag, TOI-530b is orbiting one of the faintest stars accessible by ground-based spectroscopy. Our model reveals that TOI-530b has a radius of 0.83 ± 0.05 RJ and a mass of 0.37 ± 0.08 MJ on a 6.39-d orbit. TOI-530b is the sixth transiting giant planet hosted by an M-type star, which is predicted to be infrequent according to core accretion theory, making it a valuable object to further study the formation and migration history of similar planets. Furthermore, we identify a potential dearth of hot massive giant planets around M-dwarfs with separation distance smaller than 0.1 au and planet-to-star mass ratio between 2 × 10−3 and 10−2. We also find a possible correlation between hot giant planet formation and the metallicity of its parent M-dwarf. We discuss the potential formation channel of such systems.

Funder

National Science Foundation of China

JSPS

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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