TOI-2379 b and TOI-2384 b: two super-Jupiter mass planets transiting low-mass host stars

Author:

Bryant Edward M1ORCID,Bayliss Daniel23ORCID,Hartman Joel D4ORCID,Sedaghati Elyar5ORCID,Hobson Melissa J67ORCID,Jordán Andrés789ORCID,Brahm Rafael789ORCID,Bakos Gaspar Á4ORCID,Almenara Jose Manuel1011ORCID,Barkaoui Khalid121314ORCID,Bonfils Xavier10,Cointepas Marion1011,Collins Karen A15,Dransfield Georgina16,Evans Phil17ORCID,Gillon Michaël12ORCID,Jehin Emmanuël18,Murgas Felipe1419ORCID,Pozuelos Francisco J1220,Schwarz Richard P15ORCID,Timmermans Mathilde12,Watkins Cristilyn N15,Wünsche Anaël21,Butler R Paul22ORCID,Crane Jeffrey D23ORCID,Shectman Steve23ORCID,Teske Johanna K22,Charbonneau David15,Essack Zahra24ORCID,Jenkins Jon M25ORCID,Lewis Hannah M26ORCID,Seager Sara132728ORCID,Ting Eric B25ORCID,Winn Joshua N4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT , UK

2. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL , UK

3. Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL , UK

4. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA

5. European Southern Observatory (ESO) , Av. Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura 763 0355, Santiago , Chile

6. Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg , Germany

7. Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago , Chile

8. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez , Av. Diagonal las Torres, Peñalolén 2640, Santiago , Chile

9. Data Observatory Foundation , Eliodoro Yáñez 2990, Providencia, Santiago , Chile

10. CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes , IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble , France

11. Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51b, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland

12. Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège , Belgium

13. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

14. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , Calle Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

15. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

16. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT , UK

17. El Sauce Observatory , Río Hurtado, Coquimbo Province , Chile

18. Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège , Belgium

19. Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

20. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC) , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada , Spain

21. Observatoire des Baronnies Provençales (OBP), Laboratoire d’Astrophysique des Baronnies—Science Citoyenne et Actions pour la Nuit (LABSCAN) , 1480 Route des Alpes, F-05150 Moydans , France

22. Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015 , USA

23. The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101 , USA

24. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of New Mexico , 210 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 , USA

25. NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035 , USA

26. Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA

27. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

28. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics , MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Short-period gas giant planets have been shown to be significantly rarer for host stars less massive than the Sun. We report the discovery of two transiting giant planets – TOI-2379 b and TOI-2384 b – with low-mass (early M) host stars. Both planets were detected using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry and for both the transit signal was validated using ground-based photometric facilities. We confirm the planetary nature of these companions and measure their masses using radial velocity observations. We find that TOI-2379 b has an orbital period of 5.469 d and a mass and radius of $5.76\pm 0.20$ M$_{J}$ and $1.046\pm 0.023$ R$_{J}$ and TOI-2384 b has an orbital period of 2.136 d and a mass and radius of $1.966\pm 0.059$ M$_{J}$ and $1.025\pm 0.021$ R$_{J}$. TOI-2379 b and TOI-2384 b have the highest and third highest planet-to-star mass ratios, respectively, out of all transiting exoplanets with a low-mass host star, placing them uniquely among the population of known exoplanets and making them highly important pieces of the puzzle for understanding the extremes of giant planet formation.

Funder

STFC

FNRS

NASA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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