1. Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham;
2. Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia,
3. School of Medicine, University of Zambia, and
4. Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia;
5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
6. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
7. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa;
8. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland;
9. Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland