The Use of UAS to Release the Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Against an Agricultural and a Forest Pest in Canada

Author:

Martel Véronique1ORCID,Johns Rob C2,Jochems-Tanguay Laurence3,Jean Frédéric4,Maltais Alexandre4,Trudeau Simon1,St-Onge Mylène5,Cormier Daniel3,Smith Sandy M6,Boisclair Josée3

Affiliation:

1. Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Stn. Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada

2. Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada

3. Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, 335, rang des Vingt-Cinq Est, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC, Canada

4. Canopée Dronautique Inc., Montréal, QC, Canada

5. Anatis Bioprotection, 278 rang Saint-André, Saint-Jacques-le-Mineur, QC, Canada

6. Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Abstract

Abstract The egg parasitoid Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is a widely used biocontrol agent against lepidopteran pests. Historically, Trichogramma were deployed either by plane or by using cardboard cards on which parasitized eggs are glued and manually installed at sites. Plane deployment is costly and card installation is time consuming, but the use of Trichogramma has been shown to be efficient against several pests. In 2016 and 2017, a research project investigated the potential use of unmanned aerial system for distributing Trichogramma as biocontrol agents against two major pests: an agricultural pest of maize, the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and a forest pest, the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Exposure duration of parasitized eggs to field conditions (temperature, predation, etc.) in maize fields influenced the Trichogramma’s emergence rate, suggesting that timing of parasitoid releases with their emergence is essential. Although parasitism of naturally occurring eggs in maize fields could not be compared due to the low density of the European corn borer, parasitism of sentinel eggs by Trichogramma was more prominent in plots with unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)-releases compared to control plots. For spruce budworm, treatment with Trichogramma increased egg parasitism and there was no difference between the deployment by UAS and by Trichocards. We discuss these results in the context of pest biology and management. We also discuss the advantages and shortcomings of both methods and offer insights into where future work might go to further leverage the use of UAS in managing these important pests.

Funder

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry through SERG-I

ADM Innovation Funds of the Canadian Forest Service

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Insect Science,Ecology,General Medicine

Reference53 articles.

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