Abstract
Abstract. Despite debate in the rainfall–runoff hydrology literature about the merits
of physics-based and spatially distributed models, substantial work in cold-region hydrology has shown improved predictive capacity by including
physics-based process representations, relatively high-resolution semi-distributed and
fully distributed discretizations, and the use of physically identifiable
parameters that require limited calibration. While there is increasing
motivation for modelling at hyper-resolution (< 1 km) and snowdrift-resolving scales (≈ 1 to 100 m), the capabilities of
existing cold-region hydrological models are computationally limited at
these scales. Here, a new distributed model, the Canadian Hydrological Model (CHM), is
presented. Although designed to be applied generally, it has a focus for
application where cold-region processes play a role in hydrology. Key
features include the ability to do the following: capture spatial heterogeneity in the surface
discretization in an efficient manner via variable-resolution unstructured
meshes; include multiple process representations; change,
remove, and decouple hydrological process algorithms; work at both a
point and spatially distributed scale; scale to multiple spatial
extents and scales; and utilize a variety of forcing fields (boundary and
initial conditions). This paper focuses on the overall model philosophy
and design, and it provides a number of cold-region-specific features and
examples.
Cited by
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