Impacts of microtopographic snow redistribution and lateral subsurface processes on hydrologic and thermal states in an Arctic polygonal ground ecosystem: a case study using ELM-3D v1.0
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Published:2018-01-08
Issue:1
Volume:11
Page:61-76
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ISSN:1991-9603
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Container-title:Geoscientific Model Development
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Geosci. Model Dev.
Author:
Bisht GautamORCID, Riley William J.ORCID, Wainwright Haruko M., Dafflon BaptisteORCID, Yuan Fengming, Romanovsky Vladimir E.ORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Microtopographic features, such as polygonal ground, are characteristic
sources of landscape heterogeneity in the Alaskan Arctic coastal plain. Here,
we analyze the effects of snow redistribution (SR) and lateral subsurface
processes on hydrologic and thermal states at a polygonal tundra site near
Barrow, Alaska. We extended the land model integrated in the E3SM to
redistribute incoming snow by accounting for microtopography and incorporated
subsurface lateral transport of water and energy (ELM-3D v1.0). Multiple
10-year-long simulations were performed for a transect across a polygonal
tundra landscape at the Barrow Environmental Observatory in Alaska to isolate
the impact of SR and subsurface process representation. When SR was included,
model predictions better agreed (higher R2, lower bias and RMSE) with
observed differences in snow depth between polygonal rims and centers. The
model was also able to accurately reproduce observed soil temperature
vertical profiles in the polygon rims and centers (overall bias, RMSE, and
R2 of 0.59 ∘C, 1.82 ∘C, and 0.99, respectively). The
spatial heterogeneity of snow depth during the winter due to SR generated
surface soil temperature heterogeneity that propagated in depth and time and
led to ∼ 10 cm shallower and ∼ 5 cm deeper maximum annual thaw
depths under the polygon rims and centers, respectively. Additionally, SR led
to spatial heterogeneity in surface energy fluxes and soil moisture during
the summer. Excluding lateral subsurface hydrologic and thermal processes led
to small effects on mean states but an overestimation of spatial variability
in soil moisture and soil temperature as subsurface liquid pressure and
thermal gradients were artificially prevented from spatially dissipating over
time. The effect of lateral subsurface processes on maximum thaw depths was
modest, with mean absolute differences of ∼ 3 cm. Our integration of
three-dimensional subsurface hydrologic and thermal subsurface dynamics in
the E3SM land model will facilitate a wide range of analyses heretofore
impossible in an ESM context.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
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