The importance of blowing snow to halogen-containing aerosol in coastal Antarctica: influence of source region versus wind speed
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Published:2018-11-26
Issue:22
Volume:18
Page:16689-16711
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Giordano Michael R.ORCID, Kalnajs Lars E.ORCID, Goetz J. Douglas, Avery Anita M., Katz Erin, May Nathaniel W., Leemon Anna, Mattson Claire, Pratt Kerri A.ORCID, DeCarlo Peter F.ORCID
Abstract
Abstract. A fundamental understanding of the processes that control
Antarctic aerosols is necessary in determining the aerosol impacts on
climate-relevant processes from Antarctic ice cores to clouds. The first in
situ observational online composition measurements by an aerosol mass
spectrometer (AMS) of Antarctic aerosols were only recently performed during
the Two-Season Ozone Depletion and Interaction with Aerosols Campaign
(2ODIAC). 2ODIAC was deployed to sea ice on the Ross Sea near McMurdo
Station over two field seasons: austral spring–summer 2014 and
winter–spring 2015. The results presented here focus on the overall trends
in aerosol composition primarily as functions of air masses and local
meteorological conditions. The results suggest that the impact of long-range
air mass back trajectories on either the absolute or relative concentrations
of the aerosol constituents measured by (and inferred from) an AMS at a
coastal location is small relative to the impact of local meteorology.
However, when the data are parsed by wind speed, two observations become
clear. First, a critical wind speed is required to loft snow from the
surface, which, in turn, increases particle counts in all measured size bins.
Second, elevated wind speeds showed increased aerosol chloride and sodium.
Further inspection of the AMS data shows that the increased chloride
concentrations have more of a “fast-vaporizing” nature than chloride
measured at low wind speed. Also presented are the Cl:Na ratios of
snow samples and aerosol filter samples, as measured by ion chromatography,
as well as non-chloride aerosol constituents measured by the AMS.
Additionally, submicron aerosol iodine and bromine concentrations as
functions of wind speed are also presented. The results presented here
suggest that aerosol composition in coastal Antarctica is a strong function
of wind speed and that the mechanisms determining aerosol composition are
likely linked to blowing snow.
Funder
Division of Polar Programs
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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