Wave–ice interactions in the neXtSIM sea-ice model
-
Published:2017-09-07
Issue:5
Volume:11
Page:2117-2135
-
ISSN:1994-0424
-
Container-title:The Cryosphere
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:The Cryosphere
Author:
Williams Timothy D., Rampal Pierre, Bouillon SylvainORCID
Abstract
Abstract. In this paper we describe a waves-in-ice model (WIM), which calculates ice breakage and the wave radiation stress (WRS). This WIM is then coupled to the new sea-ice model neXtSIM, which is based on the elasto-brittle (EB) rheology. We highlight some numerical issues involved in the coupling and investigate the impact of the WRS, and of modifying the EB rheology to lower the stiffness of the ice in the area where the ice has broken up (the marginal ice zone or MIZ). In experiments in the absence of wind, we find that wind waves can produce noticeable movement of the ice edge in loose ice (concentration around 70 %) – up to 36 km, depending on the material parameters of the ice that are used and the dynamical model used for the broken ice. The ice edge position is unaffected by the WRS if the initial concentration is higher (≳ 0.9). Swell waves (monochromatic waves with low frequency) do not affect the ice edge location (even for loose ice), as they are attenuated much less than the higher-frequency components of a wind wave spectrum, and so consequently produce a much lower WRS (by about an order of magnitude at least).In the presence of wind, we find that the wind stress dominates the WRS, which, while large near the ice edge, decays exponentially away from it. This is in contrast to the wind stress, which is applied over a much larger ice area. In this case (when wind is present) the dynamical model for the MIZ has more impact than the WRS, although that effect too is relatively modest. When the stiffness in the MIZ is lowered due to ice breakage, we find that on-ice winds produce more compression in the MIZ than in the pack, while off-ice winds can cause the MIZ to be separated from the pack ice.
Funder
Norges Forskningsråd Office of Naval Research Global European Commission
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Water Science and Technology
Reference62 articles.
1. Ardhuin, F., Sutherland, P., Doble, M., and Wadhams, P.: Ocean waves across the Arctic: Attenuation due to dissipation dominates over scattering for periods longer than 19s., Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 5775–5783, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068204, 2016. 2. Ardhuin, F., Stopa, J., Chapron, B., Collard, F., Smith, M., Thomson, J., Doble, M., Blomquist, B., Persson, O., Collins, III, C. O., and Wadhams, P.: Measuring ocean waves in sea ice using SAR imagery: A quasi-deterministic approach evaluated with Sentinel-1 and in situ data, Remote Sens. Environ., 189, 211–222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.024, 2017. 3. Bagnold, R. A.: Experiments on a gravity-free dispersion of large solid spheres in a newtonian fluid under shear, Proc. R. Soc. A, 225, 49–63, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1954.0186, 1954. 4. Bennetts, L. G. and Squire, V. A.: On the calculation of an attenuation coefficient for transects of ice-covered ocean, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 468, 136–162, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2011.0155, 2012. 5. Bennetts, L. G., O'Farrell, S., and Uotila, P.: Brief communication: Impacts of ocean-wave-induced breakup of Antarctic sea ice via thermodynamics in a stand-alone version of the CICE sea-ice model, The Cryosphere, 11, 1035–1040, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1035-2017, 2017.
Cited by
45 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|