Quantification of the dust optical depth across spatiotemporal scales with the MIDAS global dataset (2003–2017)
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Published:2022-03-17
Issue:5
Volume:22
Page:3553-3578
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Gkikas AntonisORCID, Proestakis EmmanouilORCID, Amiridis VassilisORCID, Kazadzis Stelios, Di Tomaso Enza, Marinou EleniORCID, Hatzianastassiou Nikos, Kok Jasper F.ORCID, García-Pando Carlos PérezORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Quantifying the dust optical depth (DOD) and its uncertainty across
spatiotemporal scales is key to understanding and constraining the dust
cycle and its interactions with the Earth System. This study quantifies the
DOD along with its monthly and year-to-year variability between 2003 and
2017 at global and regional levels based on the MIDAS (ModIs Dust AeroSol)
dataset, which combines Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-Aqua retrievals and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and
Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), reanalysis
products. We also describe the annual and seasonal geographical
distributions of DOD across the main dust source regions and transport
pathways. MIDAS provides columnar mid-visible (550 nm) DOD at fine spatial
resolution (0.1∘×0.1∘), expanding the current
observational capabilities for monitoring the highly variable spatiotemporal
features of the dust burden. We obtain a global DOD of 0.032±0.003 – approximately a quarter (23.4 %±2.4 %) of the global aerosol
optical depth (AOD) – with about 1 order of magnitude more DOD in the
Northern Hemisphere (0.056±0.004; 31.8 %±2.7 %) than in
the Southern Hemisphere (0.008±0.001; 8.2 %±1.1 %) and
about 3.5 times more DOD over land (0.070±0.005) than over ocean
(0.019±0.002). The Northern Hemisphere monthly DOD is highly
correlated with the corresponding monthly AOD (R2=0.94) and
contributes 20 % to 48 % of it, both indicating a dominant dust
contribution. In contrast, the contribution of dust to the monthly AOD does
not exceed 17 % in the Southern Hemisphere, although the uncertainty in
this region is larger. Among the major dust sources of the planet, the
maximum DODs (∼1.2) are recorded in the Bodélé Depression
of the northern Lake Chad Basin, whereas moderate-to-high intensities are
encountered in the Western Sahara (boreal summer), along the eastern parts
of the Middle East (boreal summer) and in the Taklamakan Desert (spring).
Over oceans, major long-range dust transport is observed primarily along the
tropical Atlantic (intensified during boreal summer) and secondarily in the
North Pacific (intensified during boreal spring). Our calculated global and
regional averages and associated uncertainties are consistent with some but
not all recent observation-based studies. Our work provides a simple
yet flexible method to estimate consistent uncertainties across
spatiotemporal scales, which will enhance the use of the MIDAS dataset in a
variety of future studies.
Funder
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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