Automated mapping of the seasonal evolution of surface meltwater and its links to climate on the Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica
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Published:2021-12-22
Issue:12
Volume:15
Page:5785-5804
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ISSN:1994-0424
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Container-title:The Cryosphere
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language:en
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Short-container-title:The Cryosphere
Author:
Tuckett Peter A., Ely Jeremy C.ORCID, Sole Andrew J.ORCID, Lea James M.ORCID, Livingstone Stephen J.ORCID, Jones Julie M., van Wessem J. MelchiorORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Surface meltwater is widespread around the Antarctic Ice
Sheet margin and has the potential to influence ice shelf stability, ice
flow and ice–albedo feedbacks. Our understanding of the seasonal and
multi-year evolution of Antarctic surface meltwater is limited. Attempts to
generate robust meltwater cover time series have largely been constrained by
computational expense or limited ice surface visibility associated with
mapping from optical satellite imagery. Here, we add a novel method for
calculating visibility metrics to an existing meltwater detection method
within Google Earth Engine. This enables us to quantify uncertainty induced
by cloud cover and variable image data coverage, allowing time series of
surface meltwater area to be automatically generated over large spatial and
temporal scales. We demonstrate our method on the Amery Ice Shelf region of
East Antarctica, analysing 4164 Landsat 7 and 8 optical images between 2005
and 2020. Results show high interannual variability in surface meltwater
cover, with mapped cumulative lake area totals ranging from 384 to
3898 km2 per melt season. By incorporating image visibility
assessments, however, we estimate that cumulative total lake areas are on
average 42 % higher than minimum mapped values. We show that modelled
melt predictions from a regional climate model provide a good indication of
lake cover in the Amery region and that annual lake coverage is typically
highest in years with a negative austral summer SAM index. Our results
demonstrate that our method could be scaled up to generate a multi-year time
series record of surface water extent from optical imagery at a
continent-wide scale.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Water Science and Technology
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