The adaptive potential of sweet cherry varieties (C. avium L.) under the conditions of Southern horticulture

Abstract

The results of research on the stability of sweet cherry varieties of different ecological and geographical origin to low-temperature stresses in the Southern horticulture are presented. The aim of the research was to comprehensively assess the generative potential of sweet cherry varieties after stress factors affect and identify the most resistant varieties to the stressors. It is shown that the probability of occurrence of abnormal frosts (limiting) in the range of –33.0°C or return spring frosts –4.0–5.0°C in the Prikuban gardening zone of the Krasnodar Territory is 40% on average. It was found that abnormal frosts can affect sweet cherry plants at the beginning of the dormant period – in december, more often in the middle – in February, less often at the beginning of the growing season – in march. The frequency of recurrent spring frosts affect during the blossoming period is high. The degree of ruin of the sweet cherry generative organs is determined by the type of stress, the limiting temperature and specificity of varieties. The obtained results confirmed that the sweet cherry varieties of local (domestic) breeding were more resistant to frosts and to early spring frosts. According to frost resistance, the sweet cherry varieties of Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Mak and Kavkazskaya are selected. According to the resistance to early spring frosts the varieties of Anons, Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Mak, Kavkazskaya, Sashenka, Demetra and the Dar Izobiliya are selected. According to the complex resistance to frost and to early spring frosts, the varieties of NCFSCHVW breeding of Alaya, Volshebnica, Mak and Kavkazskaya, are selected and recommended for creating the intensive, adaptive gardens in the South of Russia, and to a certain extent they will allow you to control the production potential of plantations of stone fruit crops in order to obtain the consistently high yield capacity of 20-25 t/ha.