1. Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
2. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
4. Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
5. Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.