1. Department of Surgery, Yaun's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
2. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.
3. Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan.
4. Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.