Fecal Carriage and Shedding Density of CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Cattle, Chickens, and Pigs: Implications for Environmental Contamination and Food Production

Author:

Horton R. A.1,Randall L. P.1,Snary E. L.2,Cockrem H.1,Lotz S.1,Wearing H.1,Duncan D.1,Rabie A.1,McLaren I.1,Watson E.2,La Ragione R. M.13,Coldham N. G.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom

2. Centre for Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom

3. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, AX Building, 10AX01 University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom

Abstract

ABSTRACT The number and proportion of CTX-M positive Escherichia coli organisms were determined in feces from cattle, chickens, and pigs in the United Kingdom to provide a better understanding of the risk of the dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) bacteria to humans from food animal sources. Samples of bovine ( n = 35) and swine ( n = 20) feces were collected from farms, and chicken cecal contents ( n = 32) were collected from abattoirs. There was wide variation in the number of CTX-M-positive E. coli organisms detected; the median (range) CFU/g were 100 (100 × 10 6 to 1 × 10 6 ), 5,350 (100 × 10 6 to 3.1 × 10 6 ), and 2,800 (100 × 10 5 to 4.7 × 10 5 ) for cattle, chickens, and pigs, respectively. The percentages of E. coli isolates that were CTX-M positive also varied widely; median (range) values were 0.013% (0.001 to 1%) for cattle, 0.0197% (0.00001 to 28.18%) for chickens, and 0.121% (0.0002 to 5.88%) for pigs. The proportion of animals designated high-density shedders (≥1 × 10 4 CFU/g) of CTX-M E. coli was 3/35, 15/32, and 8/20 for cattle, chickens, and pigs, respectively. We postulate that high levels of CTX-M E. coli in feces facilitate the dissemination of bla CTX-M genes during the rearing of animals for food, and that the absolute numbers of CTX-M bacteria should be given greater consideration in epidemiological studies when assessing the risks of food-borne transmission.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology

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