Affiliation:
1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
2. Department of Molecular, Microbial, and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
3. Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Clostridium perfringens
food poisoning is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic type A isolates that typically possess high spore heat resistance. Previous studies have shown that α/β-type small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) play a major role in the resistance of
Bacillus subtilis
and
C. perfringens
spores to moist heat, UV radiation, and some chemicals. Additional major factors in
B. subtilis
spore resistance are the spore's core water content and cortex peptidoglycan (PG) structure, with the latter properties modulated by the
spm
and
dacB
gene products and the sporulation temperature. In the current work, we have shown that the
spm
and
dacB
genes are expressed only during
C. perfringens
sporulation and have examined the effects of
spm
and
dacB
mutations and sporulation temperature on spore core water content and spore resistance to moist heat, UV radiation, and a number of chemicals. The results of these analyses indicate that for
C. perfringens
SM101 (i) core water content and, probably, cortex PG structure have little if any role in spore resistance to UV and formaldehyde, presumably because these spores’ DNA is saturated with α/β-type SASP; (ii) spore resistance to moist heat and nitrous acid is determined to a large extent by core water content and, probably, cortex structure; (iii) core water content and cortex PG cross-linking play little or no role in spore resistance to hydrogen peroxide; (iv) spore core water content decreases with higher sporulation temperatures, resulting in spores that are more resistant to moist heat; and (v) factors in addition to SpmAB, DacB, and sporulation temperature play roles in determining spore core water content and thus, spore resistance to moist heat.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
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Bacillus subtilis
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