Targeting the Homoserine Dehydrogenase of Paracoccidioides Species for Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections

Abstract

ABSTRACT This work evaluated new potential inhibitors of the enzyme homoserine dehydrogenase (HSD) of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis , one of the etiological agents of paracoccidioidomycosis. The tertiary structure of the protein bonded to the analogue NAD, and l -homoserine was modeled by homology. The model with the best output was subjected to gradient minimization, redocking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Virtual screening simulations with 187,841 molecules purchasable from the Zinc database were performed. After the screenings, 14 molecules were selected and analyzed by the use of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity criteria, resulting in four compounds for in vitro assays. The molecules HS1 and HS2 were promising, exhibiting MICs of 64 and 32 μg · ml −1 , respectively, for the Pb18 isolate of P. brasilensis , 64 μg · ml −1 for two isolates of P. lutzii , and also synergy with itraconazole. The application of these molecules to human-pathogenic fungi confirmed that the HSD enzyme may be used as a target for the development of drugs with specific action against paracoccidioidomycosis; moreover, these compounds may serve as leads in the design of new antifungals.