Affiliation:
1. Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
2. National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Here we report the nucleotide sequence of pCTX-M3, a highly conjugative plasmid that is responsible for the extensive spread of the gene coding for the CTX-M-3 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in clinical populations of the family
Enterobacteriaceae
in Poland. The plasmid belongs to the IncL/M incompatibility group, is 89,468 bp in size, and carries 103 putative genes. Besides
bla
CTX-M-3
, it also bears the
bla
TEM-1
,
aacC2
, and
armA
genes, as well as integronic
aadA2
,
dfrA12
, and
sul1
, which altogether confer resistance to the majority of β-lactams and aminoglycosides and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The conjugal transfer genes are organized in two blocks,
tra
and
trb
, separated by a spacer sequence where almost all antibiotic resistance genes and multiple mobile genetic elements are located. Only
bla
CTX-M-3
, accompanied by an IS
Ecp1
element, is placed separately, in a DNA fragment previously identified as a fragment of the
Kluyvera ascorbata
chromosome. On the basis of sequence analysis, we speculate that pCTX-M3 might have arisen from plasmid pEL60 from plant pathogen
Erwinia amylovora
by acquiring mobile elements with resistance genes. This suggests that plasmids of environmental bacterial strains could be the source of those plasmids now observed in bacteria pathogenic for humans.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Pharmacology (medical),Pharmacology
Cited by
115 articles.
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