Relationship between tissue lipid peroxidation and peroxidizability index after α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, or docosahexaenoic acid intake in rats

Abstract

In a previous study, we found that the extent of dietaryn-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-stimulated tissue lipid peroxidation was less than expected from the relative peroxidizability index of the total tissue lipids in rats with adequate vitamin E nutritional status. This suppression of lipid peroxidation was especially prominent in the liver. To elucidate whether this phenomenon was unique to DHA, we compared the peroxidation effects ofn-3 α-linolenic acid (α-LN) andn-3 eicosapentaeonic acid (EPA) with those of DHA in rats. Either α-LN (8·6 % of total energy), EPA (8·2 %), or DHA (8·0 %) and one of two levels of dietary vitamin E (7·5 and 54 mg/kg diet) were fed to rats for 22 d. Levels of conjugated diene, chemiluminescence emission and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substance in the liver, kidney, and testis were determined as indicators of lipid peroxidation. In rats fed the DHA diet deficient in vitamin E (7·5 m/g diet), TBA values in the liver, kidney, and testis correlated well with the tissues' relative peroxidizability indices. In rats fed the α-LN diet with an adequate level of vitamin E (54 m/g diet), a close association between relative peroxidizability indices and lipid peroxide levels was observed in all the tissues analysed. However, in rats fed either the EPA diet or the DHA diet with an adequate level of vitamin E, the extent of lipid peroxidation in each tissue was less than expected from the relative peroxidizability index. This suppression was particularly marked in the liver. We concluded that suppression of lipid peroxidation below the relative peroxidizability index was not unique to DHA, but was also seen with EPA, which has five double bonds, in rats with adequate vitamin E nutritional status, but not with α-LN, which has three double bonds.