Abstract
This book contains 15 chapters that review the aspects of plant evolution as it relates to variation in plant genomes (gene level) and associated variations in plant phenomes (trait level). Topics covered include chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, reticulate evolution, polyploidy, population genetics within a species, the evolution of the flower, diversity in plant cell walls and in secondary metabolism, diversity and evolution of gymnosperms, and the importance of plant diversity in ecology and agriculture. This book is intended for those working within the areas of plant genetics, evolution, biodiversity, botany and agriculture.