Author:
Vegivinti Charan Thej Reddy,Keesari Praneeth Reddy,Veeraballi Sindhusha,Martins Maia Catarina Maria Pina,Mehta Ansh Krishnachandra,Lavu Rohit Reddy,Thakur Rahul Kumar,Tella Sri Harsha,Patel Riya,Kakumani Venkata Kiranmayi,Pulakurthi Yashwitha Sai,Aluri Srinivas,Aggarwal Ritesh Kumar,Ramachandra Nandini,Zhao Rongbao,Sahu Srabani,Shastri Aditi,Verma Amit
Abstract
AbstractDysregulation of the innate immune system and inflammatory-related pathways has been implicated in hematopoietic defects in the bone marrow microenvironment and associated with aging, clonal hematopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As the innate immune system and its pathway regulators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDS/AML, novel approaches targeting these pathways have shown promising results. Variability in expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs), abnormal levels of MyD88 and subsequent activation of NF-κβ, dysregulated IL1-receptor associated kinases (IRAK), alterations in TGF-β and SMAD signaling, high levels of S100A8/A9 have all been implicated in pathogenesis of MDS/AML. In this review we not only discuss the interplay of various innate immune pathways in MDS pathogenesis but also focus on potential therapeutic targets from recent clinical trials including the use of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors against these pathways.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cancer Research,Oncology,Hematology