Abstract
Abstract
Background
Viruses must adapt to the environment of their host cells to establish infection and persist. Diverse mammalian cells, including virus-infected cells, release extracellular vesicles such as exosomes containing proteins and miRNAs, and use these vesicles to mediate intercellular communication. However, the roles of exosomes in viral infection remain unclear.
Results
We screened viral proteins to identify those responsible for the exosome-mediated enhancement of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. We identified BGLF2 protein encapsulated in exosomes, which were released by EBV-infected cells. BGLF2 protein is a tegument protein that exists in the space between the envelope and nucleocapsid, and it is released into the cytoplasm shortly after infection. BGLF2 protein-containing exosomes enhanced viral gene expression and repressed innate immunity, thereby supporting the EBV infection.
Conclusions
The EBV tegument protein BGLF2 is encapsulated in exosomes and released by infected cells to facilitate the establishment of EBV infection. These findings suggest that tegument proteins support viral infection not only between the envelope and nucleocapsid, as well as in extraviral particles such as exosomes.
Graphical abstract
Funder
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Takeda Science Foundation
Hori Sciences and Arts Foundation
MSD Life Science Foundation, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation
Uehara Memorial Foundation
Aichi Health Promotion Foundation
Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cell Biology,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry
Cited by
8 articles.
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