Short-term Menstrual Distributions After COVID-19 Infection: Does Vaccine Administration Matter?

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 infection may be associated with potential sequels on the hormonal system, which can substantially alter menstrual cycles in women. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate short-term menstrual distributions after COVID-19 infection and determine whether vaccination and type of vaccine could alter menstrual cycles. Methods: This study was carried out using an online survey to record any menstrual distributions such as any changes in duration, volume, and time of menstruation, intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) and dysmenorrhea as well as exacerbation of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on 268 women aged 18 to 45 who were infected by COVID-19. The participants were followed at least for three months after their COVID-19 infection. The history of vaccine administration before infection was also recorded, and the results were compared regarding various vaccine types. Results: Short-term menstrual distributions after infection were common. in this regard46.7% had IMB, 66.1% experienced exacerbation in PMS, 67.7% had increased volume of bleeding, 62.9% had dysmenorrhea or exacerbation in dysmenorrhea. Also, 27.4% and 35.4% experienced a shorter or longer duration of menstrual cycles, respectively. All distributions returned to normal after a maximum of two cycles. However, there was a substantial difference (P = 0.024) between women who received the AstraZeneca (recombinant) and Sinopharm (inactivated) vaccines, as the number of patients who experienced changes in menstrual cycles was relatively lower in the recombinant group. Conclusions: Menstrual distributions are common but temporary in the short term following COVID-19 infection. Although, the recombinant vaccine (AstraZeneca) was associated with lower menstrual disturbance rates compared to Sinopharm or Sputnik vaccines.