Mathematical modeling analysis on the dynamics of university students animosity towards mathematics with optimal control theory

Abstract

AbstractAnimosity towards mathematics is a very common worldwide problem and it is usually caused by wrong information, low participation, low challenge tolerance, falling further behind, being unemployed, and avoiding the advanced math classes needed for success in many careers. In this study, we have considered and formulated the new SEATS compartmental mathematical model with optimal control theory to analyze the dynamics of university students’ animosity towards mathematics. We applied the next-generation matrix, Ruth-Hurwitz criteria, Lyapunov function, and Volterra-Lyapunov stable matrices to show local and global stability of equilibrium points of the model respectively. The study demonstrated that the animosity-free equilibrium point is both locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the model basic reproduction number is less than unity, whereas the animosity-dominance equilibrium point is both locally and globally asymptotically stable when the model basic reproduction number is greater than unity. Finally, we applied numerical ode45 solvers using the Runge–Kutta method and we have carried out numerical simulations and shown that applying both prevention and treatment controls is the best strategy to minimize and possibly eradicate the animosity-infection in the community under consideration.