Spontaneity and Equilibrium: Why “ΔG < 0 Denotes a Spontaneous Process” and “ΔG = 0 Means the System Is at Equilibrium” Are Incorrect-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Spontaneity and Equilibrium: Why “ΔG < 0 Denotes a Spontaneous Process” and “ΔG = 0 Means the System Is at Equilibrium” Are Incorrect

Published:2014-01-02 Issue:3 Volume:91 Page:386-395
ISSN:0021-9584
Container-title:Journal of Chemical Education
language:en
Short-container-title:J. Chem. Educ.

Author:

Raff Lionel M.¹

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States

Publisher

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Subject

Education,General Chemistry

Link

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed400453s

Reference13 articles.

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2. Silberberg, M. S.Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change,2nd ed.McGraw-Hill Higher Education:New York, NY, 2000; Chapter 20, pp856–893.

3. Hill, J. W.; Petrucci, R. H.General Chemistry;Prentice Hall:Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996; pp731–763.

4. Zumdahl, S. S.Chemistry;D. C. Heath and Co.:Lexington, MA, 1986; pp677–713.

5. Zumdahl, S. S.; Zumdahl, S. A.Chemistry;Brooks and Cole Cengage Learning:Belmont, CA, 2010; pp772–815.

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