Interfacial Imide Polymerization of Functionalized Filled Microcapsule Templates by the Pickering Emulsion Method for the Rapid Removal of 3,4,5-Trichlorophenol from Wastewater

Abstract

In this work, an olive oil-filled composite capsule (C–O/W) adsorbent was prepared for the adsorption of 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (3,4,5-TCP) by the emulsion templating method. Using methylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,6-hexanediamine (HMDA) as functional monomers, olive oil was encapsulated in a shell layer composed of graphene oxide and a polymer by interfacial imine polymerization. The contaminant target was efficiently removed by the hydrophobic interaction between olive oil and chlorophenols. The removal of 3,4,5-TCP was remarkable, with an encapsulation rate of 85%. The unique microcapsule structure further enhanced the kinetic performance, which reached 92% of the maximum value within 40 min. The adsorption of different chlorophenols was investigated using 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP), and 3,4,5-TCP. The adsorption of 3,4,5-TCP by the C-O/W microcapsules was found to be much higher than that of other chlorophenols. When analyzing a real sample, the content of 3,4,5-TCP was significantly reduced after adsorption by the C-O/W microcapsules, demonstrating that the C-O/W microcapsules were also capable of removing 3,4,5-TCP from a complex environment. This simple and inexpensive preparation strategy provides a new method for the synthesis of functionalized C-O/W microcapsule adsorbents and an effective adsorbent of 3,4,5-TCP.