Author:
Seifert Andreas,Lange Fred F.,Speck James S.
Abstract
A mixed alkoxide liquid precursor was used to form epitaxial PbTiO3 thin films by spin-coating on cubic (001) SrTiO3 substrates. The films were heat-treated at temperatures between 380 °C/1 h and 800 °C/1 h. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the films and to evaluate the epitaxial phenomena. At ∼400 °C/1 h, a polycrystalline, metastable Pb-Ti fluorite crystallizes from the pyrolyzed amorphous precursor. At slightly higher temperatures (∼420 °C/1 h), the thermodynamically stable phase with the perovskite structure epitaxially nucleates at the film/substrate interface. A small number of epitaxial grains grow through the film toward the surface and consume the nanocrystalline fluorite grains. Coarsening of the perovskite grains leads to a reduction in mosaic spread during further heating. Pores, which concurrently coarsen with grain growth, produce a pitted surface as they disappear from within the film. At 800 °C/1 ha dense epitaxial PbTiO3 film with a smooth surface is observed. Parameters governing the formation of a- and c-domains are discussed as well as the small tilts of the domain axes away from the substrate normal.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science
Cited by
162 articles.
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