Target and Suspect HRMS Metabolomics for the Determination of Functional Ingredients in 13 Varieties of Olive Leaves and Drupes from Greece

Abstract

The huge interest in the health-related properties of foods to improve health has brought about the development of sensitive analytical methods for the characterization of natural products with functional ingredients. Greek olive leaves and drupes constitute a valuable source of biophenols with functional properties. A novel ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) analytical method was developed to identify biophenols through target and suspect screening in Greek olive leaves and drupes of the varieties: Koroneiki, Throumbolia, Konservolia, Koutsourelia, Kalamon, Petrolia, Amigdalolia, Megaritiki, Mastoeidis, Agouromanakolia, Agrilia, Adramitiani and Kolovi. The method’s performance was evaluated using the target compounds: oleuropein, tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol. The analytes demonstrated satisfactory recovery efficiency for both leaves (85.9–90.5%) and drupes (89.7–92.5%). Limits of detection (LODs) were relatively low over the range 0.038 (oleuropein)–0.046 (hydroxytyrosol) and 0.037 (oleuropein)–0.048 (hydroxytyrosol) for leaves and drupes, respectively For leaves, the precision limit ranged between 4.7% and 5.8% for intra-day and between 5.8% and 6.5% for inter-day experiments, and for drupes, it ranged between 3.8% and 5.2% for intra-day and between 5.1 and 6.2% for inter-day experiments, establishing the good precision of the method. The regression coefficient (r2) was above 0.99 in all cases. Furthermore, the preparation of herbal tea from olive leaves is suggested after investigating the optimum infusion time of dried leaves in boiling water. Overall, 10 target and 36 suspect compounds were determined in leaves, while seven targets and thirty-three suspects were identified in drupes, respectively.